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Les Enclosures des Biens Communs: du Vivant aux Logiciels
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by
Matt Lee
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published
Feb 01, 2008
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last modified
Feb 25, 2008 08:15 AM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Conférence organisée par l'association BELLGNULINUX. LIEUX: LA CANTINE, 151 rue Montmartre, 12 passage Montmartre
Galerie des Panoramas, 75002 Paris (http://lacantine.org/
). THEME DE LA CONFERENCE:
Les enclosures des biens communs : du vivant aux logiciels.
Par Richard Stallman et Jean-Pierrre Berlan.
Richard Stallman a lancé le développement du système d'exploitation GNU (utilisé
dans la combinaison GNU-Linux), et spécifiquement de la Licence Publique
Générale GNU (GNU GPL). Il est aussi le fondateur de la Free Software
Foundation.
Jean-Pierrre Berlan est un ancien Directeur de recherche en agronomie à l'INRA.
Il participe activement, aux côtés de la Confédération Paysanne, au débat sur
les soi-disant OGM et le brevetage du vivant, par une réflexion critique sur les
biotechnologies qu'il accuse d'être devenues des sciences de la mort.
Les "enclosures" désignent le mouvement d'expropriation des terres dévolues à
l'usage collectif qui s'est déroulé sur plusieurs siècles et a précédé et
préparé la Révolution industrielle. Le concept de « nouvelles enclosures »
désigne par analogie la captation de biens communs par l'invention par les
juristes des multinationales de nouveaux "droits" divers de « propriété sur le
vivant » (gènes, plantes, animaux), sur les connaissances comme les algorithmes
des logiciels, créant des monopoles qui cachent les effets et les conditions de
chacun d'eux, derrière la fausse généralisation et l'escroquerie sémantique de
l'expression « propriété intellectuelle ».
De nouvelles lois, comme « La loi de lutte contre la contrefaçon », mensongère à
plus d'un titre, votée au Sénat le 17 octobre 2007, permettra à des agents
assermentés d'organismes professionnels privés (semenciers, industrie du disque,
Business Software Alliance) d'apporter la preuve de la matérialité des
"infractions", en ayant le droit d'enquêter, y compris sur Internet, en étant à
la fois juge et partie.
Des pratiques sociales, professionnelles, culturelles telles que l'informatique
ou la reproduction du vivant, qui n'avaient a priori rien à voir entre elles, se
retrouvent encapuslées dans de mêmes dispositifs juridiques : « les nouvelles
enclosures ». C'est ainsi que les agriculteurs sont en train de devenir des «
contrefacteurs » puisque produire en agriculture, c'est inévitablement
reproduire, et du fait de l'extension du droit de brevet au vivant, c'est
reproduire ce qui « appartient à autrui ».
Pour Richard Stallman : « toutes les libertés dépendent de la liberté
informatique, elle n'est pas plus importante que les autres libertés
fondamentales mais, au fur et à mesure que les pratiques de la vie basculent sur
l'ordinateur, on en aura besoin pour maintenir les autres libertés. Profitant de
la faiblesse de la démocratie contemporaine, les grandes entreprises sont en
train de prendre le contrôle de l'Etat, ce sont elles qui contrôlent les lois,
pas les citoyens. Ça a commencé avec le Digital Millenium Copyright Act aux
Etats-Unis, puis elles ont imposé des directives européennes dans leur intérêt
».
Une meilleure connaissance des enjeux du logiciel libre peut-elle apporter des
éléments d'analyse, de réflexion et de réponse ? Pour quelles convergences ?
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FSF Events
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Copyright vs. Community
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by
Matt Lee
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published
Apr 08, 2008
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last modified
Apr 14, 2008 11:56 AM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Cambridge, England. Detailed location: Lecture Theatre 1, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. (<http://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/11325>) Copyright developed in the age of the printing press, and was designed to fit with the system of centralized copying imposed by the printing press. But the copyright system does not fit well with computer networks, and only draconian punishments can enforce it.
The global corporations that profit from copyright are lobbying for draconian punishments, and to increase their copyright powers, while suppressing public access to technology. But if we seriously hope to serve the only legitimate purpose of copyright—to promote progress, for the benefit of the public—then we must make changes in the other direction. This speech will be accessible to all audiences and the public is encouraged to attend.
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FSF Events
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Copyright vs. la Comunidad
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by
Matt Lee
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published
Jun 28, 2007
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last modified
Aug 03, 2007 03:08 PM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Campus Piura de la Universidad de Piura (UDEP Campus Piura - wwww.udep.edu.pe), Ave. Ramon Mugica 131 Urb San Eduardo, Piura, Peru.
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Copyright vs. Community
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by
Matt Lee
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published
Oct 03, 2007
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last modified
Nov 13, 2007 12:38 PM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Detailed location: Universidade de São Paulo - USP
Escola Politecnica - Predio da Engenharia Civil
Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, trav.2 nº. 83
Auditorio 136, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Copyright developed in the age of the printing press, and was designed to fit with the system of centralized copying imposed by the printing press. But the copyright system does not fit well with computer networks, and only draconian punishments can enforce it.
The global corporations that profit from copyright are lobbying for draconian punishments, and to increase their copyright powers, while suppressing public access to technology. But if we seriously hope to serve the only legitimate purpose of copyright—to promote progress, for the benefit of the public—then we must make changes in the other direction. This speech will be accessible to all audiences and the public is encouraged to attend.
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FSF Events
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Free Software: Freedom to Cooperate
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by
Matt Lee
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published
Aug 24, 2007
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last modified
Sep 13, 2007 01:58 PM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Location: Aula Magna, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy. Richard Stallman will speak about the Free Software Movement, which campaigns for freedom so that computer users can cooperate to control their own computing activities. The Free Software Movement developed the GNU operating system, often erroneously referred to as Linux, specifically to establish these freedoms.
This talk will be accessible to all audiences and the public is encouraged to attend. Richard Stallman will be honored with a laurea honoris causa.
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The Free Software Movement and Its Future
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by
Matt Lee
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published
Oct 10, 2007
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last modified
Oct 16, 2007 12:45 PM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Detailed location: Hirose Build 5F, 1-10-5 Sotokanda, Chiyoda-Ku, Akihabara, Tokyo, 1010021, Japan. Richard Stallman will speak about the goals and philosophy of the Free Software Movement, and the status and history of the GNU operating system, which in combination with the kernel Linux is now used by tens of millions of users world-wide. This speech will be in English without translation. All are welcome and encouraged to attend. Thank you for registering.
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Implications of Free Software/Open Source Licensing
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by
Matt Lee
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published
Nov 20, 2007
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last modified
Jan 11, 2008 06:10 PM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Location: Santa Clara University, The Hahn Auditorium, 2nd floor, The Computer History Museum, 1401 N Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View, CA 94043. 10-15 minute presentation on the philosophy behind the General Public License, specifically highlighting the new provisions revisions included General Public License version 3 and participate in a Question & Answer session. Registration at <http://www.chtlj.org/> is required.
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FSF Events
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Free Software in Ethics and in Practice
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by
Matt Lee
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published
May 12, 2008
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last modified
May 14, 2008 03:00 PM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Cai Guanshen lecture hall, News College, Handan road 440#, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China. This talk will be part of the ZEUUX Free Software Summit. Richard Stallman will speak about the Free Software Movement, which campaigns for freedom so that computer users can cooperate to control their own computing activities. The Free Software Movement developed the GNU operating system, often erroneously referred to as Linux, specifically to establish these freedoms. This speech will be accessible to all audiences and the public is encouraged to attend.
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FSF Events
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The Free Software Movement
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by
Matt Lee
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published
May 12, 2008
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last modified
May 12, 2008 12:24 PM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C.
Richard Stallman will speak about the Free Software Movement, which campaigns for freedom so that computer users can cooperate to control their own computing activities. The Free Software Movement developed the GNU operating system, often erroneously referred to as Linux, specifically to establish these freedoms.
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El Peligro de las Patentes de Software
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by
Matt Lee
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published
Jul 26, 2007
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last modified
Sep 04, 2007 03:45 PM
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filed under:
RMS Speech
Location: Hotel Ramada Herradura, Autopista General Cañas, cruce San Antonio de Belén, frente a Mall Cariari, Heredia, Costa Rica. (Phone: + 50 6 2099 800) Richard Stallman will explain how software patents obstruct software development. Software patents are patents that cover software ideas. They restrict the development of software, so that every design decision brings a risk of getting sued. Patents in other fields restrict factories, but software patents restrict every computer user. Economic research shows that they even retard progress. This speech will be part of the Conferencia Latinoamericana de Informatica CLEI 2007 (comprising Conferencia Latinoamericana de Informatica CLEI 2007, XV Congreso Iberoamericano de Educacion Superio en Computacion CIESC 2007, Latin American Networking Conference LANC 2007, Taller Latinoamericano de Informatica para la Biodiversidad INBI 2007) which will take place from the 9th to the 12th of October.
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